Length-weight relationship and condition factor of Pethia ticto (Hamilton, 1822) from Gomti river in Sultanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India

This study describes the length-weight relation (LWR) of small indigenous fish Pethia ticto from Gomti River, Aamghat, Haliyapur, Sultanpur district 260 29N and 810 44E, 751m (msl) Uttar Pradesh, India. A total of 306 specimens were caught by random sampling method using traditional fishing gear as gillnet, cast net and dragnet of various mesh sizes from June 2016 to May 2017, once in a month. Total Length (mm) was measured from anteriormost part of the snout to the posterior-most part of the caudal fin and body weight (g) were taken by digital electronic balance. The analysis of data shows that the allometric coefficient is close to isometric value (3.0). Allometric growth indicates a more rotund population of fish when the values of growth coefficient are higher than 3.0 (b>3). If the value of growth coefficient is less than 3.0, the population of fish is known to be less rotund. Isometric growth indicates that the shape of fish does not change as it grows (b=3). The coefficient of determination (R2 ) was also found significant (=0.97). Fulton’s condition factor further supports the results obtained ranged from 1.041 to 1.660 shows the degree of well being of a fish. This study is helpful in providing relevant information in the assessment of stock and estimation of the fish condition about its environmen

On nonsmooth multiobjective fractional programming problems involving (p, r)− ρ −(η ,θ)- invex functions

A class of multiobjective fractional programming problems (MFP) is considered where the involved functions are locally Lipschitz. In order to deduce our main results, we introduce the definition of (p,r)−ρ −(η,θ)-invex class about the Clarke generalized gradient. Under the above invexity assumption, sufficient conditions for optimality are given. Finally, three types of dual problems corresponding to (MFP) are formulated, and appropriate dual theorems are proved

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice in Managing Chronic Kidney Disease with SGLT2 Inhibitors

Background and objective: Chronic kidney disease (CKD), and its increasing global burden, is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. This survey-based study aims to capture the knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) amongst practicing physicians in considering sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) for the prevention and progression of CKD in diabetic or nondiabeticindividuals. Methodology: An online questionnaire-based survey was conducted among 262 health care practitioners (HCPs) who manage people with CKD with or without diabetes. The survey was prepared as a Google form and circulated through email to different HCPs. The survey consisted of 6 knowledge-based questions, 4 attitude-based questions and 4 practice-based questions. The forms were filled up voluntarily by the participants and the authors had no control over the response provided. All the responses wereconsolidated using Microsoft Excel and analyzed. Results: A total of 262 HCPs from different regions of the country participated in the survey. About 87% to 94% of the participants were aware that SGLT2i, specifically dapagliflozin, is approved for use in CKD patients with or without diabetes. About threefourths of the HCPs accepted that an initial drop in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) occursupon initiation of dapagliflozin treatment. Almost 90% of them acknowledged the importance of screening for CKD in diabetic patients, and the majority were aware of the renal benefits of SGLT2i. Almost 96% of HCPs consider that dapagliflozin could be used in all patients with CKD irrespective of their diabetes status. Major determining factors with respect to a setback in practice are fear of side effects (54%) and hesitation in switching to newer medications when older medications work fine (34%). Conclusion:SGLT2i have demonstrated significant clinical benefits in patients with CKD with or without diabetes. This survey has shown good awareness among clinicians of the beneficial role of SGLT2i in CKD.&nbsp

Online Covariate Shift Detection based Adaptive Brain-Computer Interface to Trigger Hand Exoskeleton Feedback for Neuro-Rehabilitation

A major issue in electroencephalogram (EEG) based brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) is the intrinsic non-stationarities in the brain waves, which may degrade the performance of the classifier, while transitioning from calibration to feedback generation phase. The non-stationary nature of the EEG data may cause its input probability distribution to vary over time, which often appear as a covariate shift. To adapt to the covariate shift, we had proposed an adaptive learning method in our previous work and tested it on offline standard datasets. This paper presents an online BCI system using previously developed covariate shift detection (CSD)-based adaptive classifier to discriminate between mental tasks and generate neurofeedback in the form of visual and exoskeleton motion. The CSD test helps prevent unnecessary retraining of the classifier. The feasibility of the developed online-BCI system was first tested on 10 healthy individuals, and then on 10 stroke patients having hand disability. A comparison of the proposed online CSD-based adaptive classifier with conventional non-adaptive classifier has shown a significantly (p<0.01) higher classification accuracy in both the cases of healthy and patient groups. The results demonstrate that the online CSD-based adaptive BCI system is superior to the non-adaptive BCI system and it is feasible to be used for actuating hand exoskeleton for the stroke-rehabilitation applications

An EEG-EMG Correlation-based Brain-Computer Interface for Hand Orthosis Supported Neuro-Rehabilitation

Background Corticomuscular coupling has been investigated for long, to find out the underlying mechanisms behind cortical drives to produce different motor tasks. Although important in rehabilitation perspective, the use of corticomuscular coupling for driving brain-computer interface (BCI)-based neurorehabilitation is much ignored. This is primarily due to the fact that the EEG-EMG coherence popularly used to compute corticomuscular coupling, fails to produce sufficient accuracy in single-trial based prediction of motor tasks in a BCI system. New Method In this study, we have introduced a new corticomuscular feature extraction method based on the correlation between band-limited power time-courses (CBPT) associated with EEG and EMG. 16 healthy individuals and 8 hemiplegic patients participated in a BCI-based hand orthosis triggering task, to test the performance of the CBPT method. The healthy population was equally divided into two groups; one experimental group for CBPT-based BCI experiment and another control group for EEG-EMG coherence based BCI experiment. Results The classification accuracy of the CBPT-based BCI system was found to be 92.81±2.09% for the healthy experimental group and 84.53±4.58% for the patients’ group. Comparison with existing method The CBPT method significantly (p−value < 0.05) outperformed the conventional EEG-EMG coherence method in terms of classification accuracy. Conclusions The experimental results clearly indicate that the EEG-EMG CBPT is a better alternative as a corticomuscular feature to drive a BCI system. Additionally, it is also feasible to use the proposed method to design BCI-based robotic neurorehabilitation paradigms

A Review: Circuit Theory of Microstrip Antennas for Dual-, Multi-, and Ultra-Widebands

In this chapter, a review has been presented on dual-band, multiband, and ultra-wideband (UWB). This review has been classified according to antenna feeding and loading of antennas using slots and notch and coplanar structure. Thereafter a comparison of dual-band, multiband, and ultra-wideband antenna has been presented. The basic geometry of patch antenna has been present along with its equivalent circuit diagram. It has been observed that patch antenna geometry for ultra-wideband is difficult to achieve with normal structure. Ultra-wideband antennas are achieved with two or more techniques; mostly UWB antennas are achieved from coplaner structures

Comparative study of functional outcome of dynamic compression plating with intramedullary interlocking nailing in close fracture shaft of humerus in adults

Background: Humeral shaft includes 1% of all fractures. The advantage of operative management is early mobilization and patients comfort. Most of the studies compare two main modalities of management, 1. dynamic compression plate 2. intramedulary interlocking nail, with respect to fracture union as major criteria. Very few studies have compared functional outcome with respect to shoulder and elbow joint. The purpose of this study is to compare the outcomes of each method of fixation. (Dynamic compression plating and interlocking nailing) for the fracture shaft of humerus and to analyse statistically significant difference in the results of these two methods.Methods: There were 58 patients of fracture shaft humerus were enrolled during 2 May 2015 to 2 January 2017 in the study. They were randomly divided into two groups, DCP group and IMILN group, each having 29 patients and compare the functional outcome of both groups with each other.Results: There were total 53 patients among them 26 (49.05%) treated with DCP and 27 (55.95%) treated with intramedullary interlocking nail (IMILN).The mean age of patient treated with DCP was 40.12 years (SD±8.51, Min-Max: 25-60) and treated with IMILN was 41.96 years (SD±11.04, Min-Max: 22-61). Road traffic accident was major mode of injury to shaft of humerus.Conclusions:Dynamic compression plating is preferable technique than interlocking nailing for fracture shaft of humerus in adults.

Grounded capacitors single resistance controlled oscillator using single FTFNTA

525-530In this manuscript, grounded capacitor single resistance controlled oscillator using four terminal floating Nullor transconductance amplifier (FTFNTA) is presented. It requires only one FTFNTA, two grounded resistors and two grounded capacitors. Oscillation condition (OC) and oscillation frequency (OF) are solely controlled through resistors. The non-ideal behaviour of the proposed structure has also been analyzed. Sensitivity analysis shows that the proposed structure is insensitive to component variations. The simulation results have been demonstrated and discussed using a SPICE simulation using 180 nm TSMC technologies. Monte Carlo analysis is also analysed for the proposed structure